SQL Server 2008 and later support a VALUES clause. We can use this to construct a table on the fly.
In the example above, you can pretty much ignore the outer query as I just put it there to select from the table that was derived in the VALUES clause.
With VALUES, I put a list of rows that I want to include. They each must have the same number of columns. There can be up to 1000 rows at a time.
2025-02-26
Our free SDU Tools for developers and DBAs, now includes a very large number of tools, with procedures, functions, and views. I do a lot of reviewing of database designs and one thing I always check for is check constraints that are not currently trusted. So we added a tool that can help to find these. It’s called ListUntrustedCheckConstraints.
The procedure takes three parameters.
@DatabaseName is the database to process @SchemasToList is a comma-delimited list of schema names to process @TablesToList is a comma-delimited list of table names to process
2025-02-25
In the previous T-SQL 101 post, I mentioned that some subqueries depend upon the outer query and others don’t. That’s the distinction between what are called nested and correlated subqueries.
I mentioned that you can also use a subquery to return a table of values. In the first example above, I’ve selected some columns from order lines and then said inner join to a derived table of products where their outer quantity is greater than 24.
2025-02-24
This is a post in the SQL Interview series. These aren’t trick or gotcha questions, they’re just questions designed to scope out a candidate’s knowledge around SQL Server and Azure SQL Database.
Section: Development Level: Medium
Question:
A query included within a stored procedure, has a predicate written like this:
WHERE ISNULL(ProductSize, '') = ISNULL(@ProductSize, '')
A problem has been identified with this predicate. The system needs to be able to differentiate between NULL values for product size and blank strings. Currently both are treated as though they are the same.
2025-02-23
Sometimes what we’re interested in is just whether or not a row exists.
In the example shown, I’m saying I want to select product ID and description from the products table where there is at least one order line that has the picked quantity less than the ordered quantity. That means that someone ordered a certain number, but for some reason, we didn’t pick (i.e. got ready for shipment) the quantity that they wanted.
2025-02-22
This is a post in the SQL Interview series. These aren’t trick or gotcha questions, they’re just questions designed to scope out a candidate’s knowledge around SQL Server and Azure SQL Database.
Section: Security Level: Medium
Question:
With SQL Server on-premises, you can create a CREDENTIAL and they are stored in the master database.
What option do you have with Azure SQL Database?
Answer:
You can create a DATABASE SCOPED CREDENTIAL in both SQL Server and in Azure SQL Database.
2025-02-21
Another way that we can use a subquery is in place of a list of values. I’ve previously shown how the IN operator allows us to supply a set of values, and we check if something or some value is contained in that list.
In this example query, I’m saying that I want a list of all the cinemas that have a credit rating that isn’t OK. Perhaps it’s something to do with not paying their bills, or defaulted in some way.
2025-02-20
Our free SDU Tools for developers and DBAs, now includes a very large number of tools, with procedures, functions, and views. A request that I had a while back was to have a function that returned what type of SQL Server the code was being executed on. So we added the SQLServerType function.
It takes no parameters.
As this is an enumerated value, it’s just a CASE statement.
You can see it in action in the main image above, and in the video here. The full current version of the code is also shown below:
2025-02-19
The first example of subqueries types in this series is what’s called a scalar subquery. In this case, I’m trying to work out which orders were on the last day that we delivered any orders. We deliver orders on various days, but on the last day that we did deliver orders, tell me which orders they were.
The problem with this is that we don’t know what the delivery date was. If I did, I could just use that date value in a WHERE clause. So what we can do instead is to use a subquery, where we work out the maximum delivery date from the orders table, and then that will return us back a date. Finally, we ask for all the orders for that particular day.
2025-02-18
Our free SDU Tools for developers and DBAs, now includes a very large number of tools, with procedures, functions, and views. A request that I had a while back was to have a function that returned the last time that SQL Server was restarted. So we added the LastSQLServerRestart function.
It takes no parameters.
I used to have a more complex way to work this out, but thanks to a great suggestion from our buddy Rob Wylie, it now just looks for the creation time of tempdb. That’s pretty good and simple to implement.
2025-02-17