Sql-Server

After one of my recent posts, I was asked what an outer quantity was. This term is common in warehousing and logistics. So many business applications assume that you sell things by quantity, and that you just count the number in vs the number out.

But that’s not how it works.

A system that’s useful for these tasks, understands way more than that. The terms unit, inner, outer, shipper, layer, and pallet refer to different levels or units of packaging and organization in the supply chain. Here’s a breakdown of each term:

2025-03-01

One of the challenges with subqueries is they can get very, very messy if you need to use them more than once. So for example, in the first query above, I’ve created a derived table called BulkProducts. But what if I needed to derive that same table again? Then I would end up with yet another copy of all that code. (And obviously it might be far more complex)

A more common problem is that in a SELECT statement, I might be selecting subqueries but every single time I might be needing to calculate a sub-query to get the values.

2025-02-28

Our free SDU Tools for developers and DBAs, now includes a very large number of tools, with procedures, functions, and views. I do a lot of reviewing of database designs and one thing I always check for is foreign key constraints that are not currently trusted. So we added a tool that can help to find these. It’s called ListUntrustedForeignKeys.

The procedure takes three parameters.

@DatabaseName is the database to process @SchemasToList is a comma-delimited list of schema names to process @TablesToList is a comma-delimited list of table names to process

2025-02-27

SQL Server 2008 and later support a VALUES clause. We can use this to construct a table on the fly.

In the example above, you can pretty much ignore the outer query as I just put it there to select from the table that was derived in the VALUES clause.

With VALUES, I put a list of rows that I want to include. They each must have the same number of columns. There can be up to 1000 rows at a time.

2025-02-26

Our free SDU Tools for developers and DBAs, now includes a very large number of tools, with procedures, functions, and views. I do a lot of reviewing of database designs and one thing I always check for is check constraints that are not currently trusted. So we added a tool that can help to find these. It’s called ListUntrustedCheckConstraints.

The procedure takes three parameters.

@DatabaseName is the database to process @SchemasToList is a comma-delimited list of schema names to process @TablesToList is a comma-delimited list of table names to process

2025-02-25

In the previous T-SQL 101 post, I mentioned that some subqueries depend upon the outer query and others don’t. That’s the distinction between what are called nested and correlated subqueries.

Nested Subquery

I mentioned that you can also use a subquery to return a table of values. In the first example above, I’ve selected some columns from order lines and then said inner join to a derived table of products where their outer quantity is greater than 24.

2025-02-24

This is a post in the SQL Interview series. These aren’t trick or gotcha questions, they’re just questions designed to scope out a candidate’s knowledge around SQL Server and Azure SQL Database.

Section: Development Level: Medium

Question:

A query included within a stored procedure, has a predicate written like this:

WHERE ISNULL(ProductSize, '') = ISNULL(@ProductSize, '')

A problem has been identified with this predicate. The system needs to be able to differentiate between NULL values for product size and blank strings. Currently both are treated as though they are the same.

2025-02-23

Sometimes what we’re interested in is just whether or not a row exists.

In the example shown, I’m saying I want to select product ID and description from the products table where there is at least one order line that has the picked quantity less than the ordered quantity. That means that someone ordered a certain number, but for some reason, we didn’t pick (i.e. got ready for shipment) the quantity that they wanted.

2025-02-22

This is a post in the SQL Interview series. These aren’t trick or gotcha questions, they’re just questions designed to scope out a candidate’s knowledge around SQL Server and Azure SQL Database.

Section: Security Level: Medium

Question:

With SQL Server on-premises, you can create a CREDENTIAL and they are stored in the master database.

What option do you have with Azure SQL Database?

Answer:

You can create a DATABASE SCOPED CREDENTIAL in both SQL Server and in Azure SQL Database.

2025-02-21

Another way that we can use a subquery is in place of a list of values. I’ve previously shown how the IN operator allows us to supply a set of values, and we check if something or some value is contained in that list.

In this example query, I’m saying that I want a list of all the cinemas that have a credit rating that isn’t OK. Perhaps it’s something to do with not paying their bills, or defaulted in some way.

2025-02-20