Sql-Server

This is a post in the SQL Interview series. These aren’t trick or gotcha questions, they’re just questions designed to scope out a candidate’s knowledge around SQL Server and Azure SQL Database.

Section: Administration Level: Advanced

Question:

When checkpoint writes occur, is only committed data written, or is uncommitted data written?

If only committed data, explain why.

If both, explain why.

Answer:

Checkpoint is a background process that:

• Flushes dirty pages (pages in memory that have been modified since they were read from disk) to disk.
• Records a log sequence number (LSN) in the transaction log that marks the point at which the database is known to be consistent on disk.

This means that SQL Server doesn’t flush only committed transactions — it flushes all dirty pages, whether the transactions that modified them are committed or not.

2025-12-28

This is a post in the SQL Interview series. These aren’t trick or gotcha questions, they’re just questions designed to scope out a candidate’s knowledge around SQL Server and Azure SQL Database.

Section: Administration Level: Advanced

Question:

You know that the master database in SQL Server is now separate to the resource database (mssqlsystemresource).

Can you list three types of instance-level metadata that still live in the master database?

Answer:

2025-12-27

This is a post in the SQL Interview series. These aren’t trick or gotcha questions, they’re just questions designed to scope out a candidate’s knowledge around SQL Server and Azure SQL Database.

Section: Administration Level: Medium

Question:

If you have successfully created a SQL Server database backup, what could cause you to not be able to restore it, on the same server or another server ?

Answer:

A successful SQL Server backup does not guarantee that it can later be restored successfully. A few important points explain why:

2025-12-26

Execution plans are one of the most valuable tools in SQL Server for understanding how a query is executed. But even experienced developers and DBAs regularly misinterpret certain operators. Some of these operators look deceptively simple, others have subtle side effects, and a few behave differently depending on cardinality estimates or memory availability.

This post walks through the execution plan operators that are most frequently misunderstood, what they actually mean, and how to interpret them correctly.

2025-12-24

Upcoming processors are likely to have even more cores than now. Have you ever tried to write multiprocessor-style code? A friend of mine recently said that he learned some of this style of coding but later when he came back to it, he realised how much he thought he knew but didn’t.

For languages like T-SQL, we don’t have inherent support for multi-threading. In fact, the only trace I can see of this in T-SQL today is the ability to have multiple readers on a service broker queue.

2025-12-22

This is a post in the SQL Interview series. These aren’t trick or gotcha questions, they’re just questions designed to scope out a candidate’s knowledge around SQL Server and Azure SQL Database.

Section: Development Level: Medium

Question:

You are writing a query that involves inner joins across five tables. Does the order of the tables within the query affect the query plan?

Answer:

No. SQL Server determines the best order for you to join the tables in.

2025-12-21

This is a post in the SQL Interview series. These aren’t trick or gotcha questions, they’re just questions designed to scope out a candidate’s knowledge around SQL Server and Azure SQL Database.

Section: Administration Level: Advanced

Question:

Most information about each database is stored within the database.

Can you list three types of database information that live in the master database?

Answer:

Pick three of the following:

• Database IDs, names, creation date
• Compatibility level
• Collation
• Recovery model
• Status (ONLINE, RESTORING, SUSPECT)
• File locations and size metadata (from sys.master_files)
• Ownership (database owner)
• Availability Group membership
• Replication information
• Database GUIDs, resource IDs

2025-12-20

This is a post in the SQL Interview series. These aren’t trick or gotcha questions, they’re just questions designed to scope out a candidate’s knowledge around SQL Server and Azure SQL Database.

Section: Development Level: Medium

Question:

If you are SELECTing from a table and the ORDER BY clause in your query is in the same order as a non-clustered index, will the non-clustered index be used?

Answer:

It might or it might not.

2025-12-19

This is a post in the SQL Interview series. These aren’t trick or gotcha questions, they’re just questions designed to scope out a candidate’s knowledge around SQL Server and Azure SQL Database.

Section: Development Level: Intro

Question:

A developer in your team has suggested that better formatted and laid-out SQL code will perform better?

Is this true?

Answer:

Because the optimiser reduces queries down to a format that it can work with the format of your code doesn’t make a difference. Better formatted code is more readable and maintainable though, so it’s always a good idea.

2025-12-17

SQL Server has a number of built-in database roles. The ones I see used the most are db_datareader and db_datawriter. They let you either read from all tables or read and write from all of them. Curiously, what has never been supplied is a db_procexecutor.

Developers and administrators who set up the use of these permissions think they are at least not using dbo or sa and while that’s true,

2025-12-16